With their squishy bodies and color-changing abilities, octopuses and other cephalopods already look like our planet’s resident aliens. But researchers have discovered yet another thing that separates them from most other animals on Earth!
Hosted by: Hank Green
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Sources:
doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2017.03.025
doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05198
doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa172
doi.org/10.1038/s41587-019-0013-6
doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyw052
doi.org/10.1126/science.1212795
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29182635/
Image sources:
Thank you to 7Seil for the footage of an octopus opening a jar! (alfirst.info/load/k62ddJDYlZujh58/video)
www.istockphoto.com/vector/genetics-flat-design-baby-icon-gm915904400-252052163
www.istockphoto.com/photo/cuttlefish-gm139531609-667477
www.istockphoto.com/vector/education-icons-gm538049914-95611693
www.istockphoto.com/vector/cooking-class-chef-cook-stick-figure-pictogram-icons-gm496989862-78859591
www.istockphoto.com/vector/set-of-kitchen-utensil-icon-gm1296529250-389920253
www.istockphoto.com/vector/hot-pepper-flat-design-mexico-icon-with-side-shadow-gm926930526-254309654
www.istockphoto.com/vector/salt-or-pepper-shaker-icon-gm944153334-257926040
www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/227559.php
www.istockphoto.com/photo/octopus-vulgaris-gm655094820-120552077
www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/pub/227560.php?from=459271
www.istockphoto.com/photo/a-nautilus-in-the-beautiful-blue-ocean-gm140789712-19146667
www.istockphoto.com/photo/octopus-tentacles-and-suckers-gm507858277-45917644
Cephalopods Have a Totally Wild Way of Adapting
1 735 Shikime 174 mijë
Nautiloids: "Who did you call stupid?!"
Hmmm. Taking this shortcut might be the reason why they haven’t evolved higher intelligence even tho they had some of the key ingredients to exploit it. They simply evolve too slowly for it to have happened, at least yet.
For the algorithm.
*someone mentionsmRNA* 2019: Oh what's that? 2021: Leo di Caprio pointing at screen meme
Trump:"I could have been President of Space"
They are Just build diffrent
It's been a while ago on
Oh yeah
Bruh... Eating octopuses should be banned
but they are delicious
1:48 When Hank said "think of it like cooking" I heard " think of it like cocaine" and let me tell you I was VERY confused for a good minute 😂
Wait, when do humans edit their mRNA?
The Mollusc Era is coming
The only thing I want to know is: Why they haven't conquered the World yet?
I just wrapped up a unit on evolution with my Biology students. I'm now starting a unit on protein synthesis. This video is a perfect way to tie the two together!
Do they edit their mRNA consciously or just automatically?
My favorite guy talking about my favorite class. This is a good day.
reminds me of this sci-fi novel called Sphere, its just radical how it uses squids. You should check it out, its by the same author as Jurassic Park
You may not be aware that m-RNA in eukaryotes in all eukaryotic cell is from nuclear RNA which contains Introns doesn’t contain protein information. So how is these cephalopods is different than this process done in all eukaryotes. I bet they use similar mechanisms no longer RNA modification is restricted to introns but also some Exons. You would not need many mutations for that to happen
Resident Alien has confirmed that cephalopods are indeed not from Earth
And I thougt they were couldn't get any whackier...
A video on how epigenomes evolve
8939wpeososoq0ap9l(()(())))!
989
Humans: Gene therapy is so new and amazing! Octopus: Hold my autonomously intelligent arm.
D: i already knew this. And the immortal jelly. Impossible isn't in biology
It's really cool they do so much editing, but in that sense I guess humans are special too, as there have been studies showing human cells are capable of mRNA editing too! 😄
Me wishing i could do what other animals do like Thanos adding a stone to the glove
Yes we know gen A for Covid-19 infected are one's with biblical names
Octopuses Stone Age will be basically compared to our technological age
It's too bad octopus and squid are so delicious... And, including a recipe book and a chef in this short clip might have been a Freudian slip from the producers.
I highly recommend the documentary, _My Octopus Teacher._
wrg
IIIIEEESSSS with two tongs demon lol
Could edits be more common in neurons because neurons are least likely to be replaced?
You should give more simple examples for us mortals.
Octopodes (Yes, really--it's a Greek root) diverged from the common ancestral line before the anus was developed, so it's no wonder that they're weird. (Seriously. Before the evolution of the butthole, a single hole served as mouth and butt, sucking in food and spitting out waste. Humans developed from the line that grew a new mouth and kept using the old hole for pooping. Hence, we develop mouth-second (deuterostome). Octopuses (this is also a correct plural) came from the line that grew a dedicated butt and continued to eat with the original hole.
I thought you were going to say replace the chef
If they didn't die generationally after reproducing, *Cephalopods* would have made a much bigger impact on our biological world's history. It honestly makes me wonder if we could gene-geneer🐙 a more social varient of this family of organisms, perhaps from cuttlefish which already communicate with their chromatophore-based language of patterns & colours... (🐙Though the Ethics of this kind of genetic engineering is at best pretty murky. )
And they have better eyes than us...if they were on land and enjoyed oxygen as much as humans do, we'd be screwed, lol.
Genetic metaprogramming
I for one preemptively welcome our new cephalopod overlords.
"evolution" lol
Lol silly creatard
Bioshock when?
IT ISN’T OCTOPI??
Could this be part of why they don't live so long? We always joke that if they ever got organized they'd take over the oceans, especially having had so much more time than us...but maybe the thing that makes them so clever also limits their lifespans to the point where that hasn't happened?
"You can edit DNA on-the-fly? With that kind of technology you could cure cancer!" "But I don't want to cure cancer - I want to squeeze into small spaces and choose winning soccer teams"
On the fly edits? Oh yeah we gonna see octopuses cranking 90s soon. Fortnite zoomers will love it. This comment will get easy likes PauseChamp
OMG, cephalopods have a preprocessor engine in their genetic code?
Lol. Just watched a six-yea-old SciShow. My, my! Hank was soooo young.
This is so well researched, written, designed, animated, presented... THANK YOU to all who work on Sci Show
Watching this the day after watching My Octopus Teacher really just confirms how nuts they are. It gives me a lot of faith about the evolutionary existence of intelligence. If and when humans die out or evolve into something else, it seems pretty certain that other creatures will eventually fill our gap of self-aware intelligence.
Cephalopods are prettier than humans. You can't change my mind.
So a mutant octopus would just be a normal octopus?
Well Hank, there's your Superior Fish Beings right there!
Guys it's all true trust me
No wonder tentacles represent elderitch life forms...
Are we really, really sure they're from Earth though
Maybe there is a related reason that they only live for around 2 years?
Plural: octopi. Silly mistake really, for a smart channel.
The plural form of "octopus" is "octopuses". Since the word is derived from Greek, the _technical_ plural would be "octopodes", but there's a reason that isn't commonly heard. And English words like "octopus" go well with English pluralizations like "octopuses"; nothin' fancy needed. The one thing "octopus" is _not_ is Latin-derived, so "octopi" was never a valid form of any word. qz.com/1446229/let-us-finally-resolve-the-octopuses-v-octopi-debate/
Dat amount of shook
You mean hot pockets?
We seriously need to research using cephalopod DNA in therapeutic circumstances for humans.
It's cool that they can edit genetic instructions on the fly, but where do they get the fly from?
Good God Cephalopods are Overpowered in Intellect and Stealth!
So that’s why they haven’t become crabs yet
Imagine if they had 40 years or more to live instead of 3. Under water civilization?
So after we destroy us and a lot of other life forms, the Cephalopods will survive the quickly changing environment. Good for them😉
...So you sayin' Zerg is real, and they already here?
MY. FAVORITE. ANIMAL. BRANCH. EVER!
Octopi*
Octopuses are just amazing (and a little scary, like I wouldn't want to happen upon one unexpectedly)
Octopi, squids, and cuttlefishes may be too freaky to be an earth creature, but they’re too fascinating to take our minds off them. Heck, I was fascinated by paper clip squids!
I know you are trying to dumb it down so everyone understands but "editing" is too vague. What are they doing differently? Anything? 90%+ of human mRNAs are edited one way or another (cap, splicing, transport factors).
Wow, does that mean that if they can somehow get their mRNA edits back to their DNA, they can fast track their evolution?
Is he the guy from It'sOkayToBeSmart
I told you they were from Alderaan!
Wow
It's just another way of doing evolution through natural selection. DNA editing is just as accountable to natural selection as acquiring new mutations. In either case, its tinkering. It's cool that they have an interesting way of adapting to different environments, but you also have to remember the many imperfections they have - for example: suboptimal oxygen carrying capacity in their blood as well as lack of myelination of their axons. Both create problems that are absent in vertebrates. Problems that cephalopods deal with in a different way.
OCTOPI...
What's missing is a proper discussion of how the RNA editing is decided or programmed. The video implies, or almost so, that this editing is the result of on-the-fly decisions, which is bull.
Will it affect their offspring....
So basically, what you're saying is that we should give octopus's psilocybin mushrooms
hey its the tiktok guy
Wonderfully weird but also delicious 😋
So we can't selective breed them to be pets? D:
SR and Brant vie for dominance as your next president of space! I vote for a dance off!
and that is why I stopped eating Octopuss but still enjoy their less smart cousins, the Squid
Wait so are you telling me cephalopods can RESPEC? IN REAL LIFE? Warm water: dps life pew pew Cold water: I'm a TANK NOW
are you talking about splaicing?
🐙🦑
1:31 "That's evolution in a nutshell". Modeling shows that in all but the smallest populations beneficial mutations are doomed to be lost due to genetic drift. It just doesn't work like we tend to think it does. Evolution in a nutshell would be bottleneck events and founder effects. Just saying. Cool video!
I think adaptability of mind is far more useful to spread your genes then adaptability of genes. The octopuses might have survived better because they can engineer more solutions to more problems rather then breed to solve problems.
SAY IT WITH ME NOW: OC- *TOP* -O-DEES! NOT octopuses, or (even worse) octopi, octopodes!
nah, these things can't be from this galaxy, i am not convinced
Cephalopods are the real master race. Also they are adorable!!
I mean, my understanding is that you can see meaningful changes in genetic code, functionally speaking, simply by turning genes "on" or "off." In that sense, humans too can "edit" their DNA on the fly by turning genes on/off (this is one of histamine's, the most overlooked neurotransmitter of all time, many mysterious and magical powers). I'm no geneticist, but I'd be willing to bet genes that have been turned off don't get mRNA copies made of them. So, it's really not _just_ about permanent mutations with humans either. You can have a gene for a disease turned off, and if it gets turned on, you have disease, and if it gets turned off again, you do not have disease anymore. I feel like this fact gets completely overlooked literally everywhere and always
Isn't this simply zip-archive for DNA? Humans simply keep each protein instruction as separate genes that have its own enable/disable triggers, Cephalopods keep multiple similar protein in one sequence of genes and have simple genes elsewhere that can "extract" final correct genes form basic one. And this analogy even explain why they evolve slower, its harder to alter ziped text file than plain text file.
Octo-Dad seems a lot more plausible all of a sudden.
I'm convinced that cephelepods will take over the world. It may not be in our life times.... but they shall rise. 🐙
Million-dollar idea: We make a neural network mess with some creature's DNA. Each time they produce something we want we reward it. After being trained for a long time we could create awesome creatures when we have a neural network that knows how to change every part of DNA and what the outcome is going to be
Hey sci show You’ve got an impersonator